- LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL NO FURTHER A MYSTERY

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is principally a result of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, employed being a raw material First melt (Czochralski process) [186]. Appropriately, according to its generation technologies, niobium pentoxide can adopt an array of compositions Nb2O5â